Industrial automation is a rapidly growing field that is transforming the way many industries operate. However, for those new to the industry, the terminology and jargon used can often be confusing and overwhelming. Whether you’re an engineer, a technician, or a business owner, this guide will provide you with the key vocabulary you need to communicate effectively and navigate the world of automation. So let’s dive in and explore the essential terms and concepts that are shaping the future of industrial automation.
3D LASER SCANNING SYSTEM
Uses laser beams to capture and measure the geometry of objects or environments in three dimensions. The system generates a point cloud, which is a collection of points that represent the object or scene, and is used in applications such as design, engineering, architecture, construction, archaeology, forensics, and virtual reality.
ABSOLUTE ENCODER
A type of position encoder that provides a unique and unambiguous position value for each point along its motion path without requiring a reference point. It is used in applications that require high precision and reliability in measuring and controlling motion.
ACTUATORS
Devices that control physical processes or systems based on instructions from automation systems. Examples include motors, valves, and solenoids.
ARC FLASH
A dangerous electrical discharge that generates heat, light, and pressure. It can cause severe injuries, equipment damage, and disruptions to operations. Proper precautions, including PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) and safety procedures, are essential to mitigate the risks. Compliance with safety standards is crucial in preventing arc flash incidents.
ARCHAIC SYSTEM
An outdated, obsolete, or inefficient method or technology. It may lack modern features and capabilities and often needs upgrading or replacement. Upgrading or replacing archaic systems can bring numerous benefits and help organizations stay competitive.
AUTOMATION
The use of technology or machinery to perform tasks without human intervention. It aims to increase efficiency, productivity, and accuracy while reducing labor costs and human error. It can be applied across different industries and involves varying levels of complexity, from simple rule-based tasks to advanced AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems.
BILLET
A solid block of metal that is formed into a specific shape or size through a process called “hot rolling” or “forging”. It is typically made from raw materials such as scrap metal and is used as a starting material for further processing, such as extrusion or machining.
BILLET ID
A system that tracks billets in manufacturing using high-quality printing and 3D laser scanning. It provides real-time barcode and tag verification, offers flexibility in installation, and improves safety by automating hot billet tagging. It reduces labor costs and requires minimal maintenance with off-the-shelf components.
BLEEDING EDGE
Referring to the most advanced and innovative technology at the forefront of research and development. It has the potential to disrupt industries and transform society but may also come with higher costs and uncertainties.
BOARDHOUND ™
A system that optimizes trimmer operations using stress and moisture data, maximizing board value. It supports up to 1,000 data points per board, integrates with existing equipment, and can queue up to 10,000 boards. It easily integrates into existing systems with minimal mechanical changes.
BOARDMARK ™
A barcode system that prints barcodes directly on the end-of-board, reducing costs, waste, and improving safety. It has high read rates, low consumable costs, and is weather resistant. It offers flexible installation options and is accepted by major retail chains.
COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL (CNC)
A technology that automates machine tools using computer systems. It uses coded instructions to precisely control machining operations, replacing manual control methods. Widely used in manufacturing for producing complex and precise parts with high accuracy and efficiency.
COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO (CMRR)
A measure of an electronic circuit’s ability to reject common mode signals. It is expressed in decibels (dB) and indicates how well the circuit can attenuate or reject such signals. Higher CMRR values indicate better performance in differential signal processing applications.
COMMON MODE
Refers to signals that appear equally on both input terminals of a differential circuit. Common mode rejection is the ability of a circuit to reject or attenuate these signals, impacting circuit performance.
CONDUCTED NOISE
Unwanted electrical interference that can affect automation systems. It can originate from various sources and impact system performance. Mitigation techniques like shielding and filtering are used to minimize its effects.
CONTROL ALGORITHMS
Mathematical algorithms or logic that are used in automation systems to process data, make decisions, and generate control signals for actuators to achieve desired outcomes in automated processes.
CONTROL SYSTEM INTEGRATORS ASSOCIATION(CSIA)
A global, not-for-profit trade association with 500+ member companies in 35 countries. It promotes and advances control system integration, supporting business skills improvement, industry expertise sharing, and advocating for certified integrators. Control system integrators use engineering and technical skills to automate industrial equipment and systems for manufacturers and others.
CSIA CERTIFICATION
A rigorous process that involves implementing CSIA’s Best Practices and confirming their adoption, resulting in a better company. CSIA Certified companies may be recognized in the top tier of supplier programs. It is important to involve everyone in the company to make Best Practices part of the organization’s DNA.
COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD)
The use of computer software to create, modify, and optimize designs in various industries. It allows designers to create 2D or 3D models with precision, simulate design performance, and produce visualizations and animations of the final product.
CONTROLCORE ™
A prefabricated, pretested, and mobile modular control room solution for large-scale industrial projects. Built to UL-508A standards, it offers reliable operation, environmental protection, and ease of maintenance. It is suitable for all weather conditions, power and network ready, and enhances project efficiency by mitigating risks during installation and/or start-up.
CONTROLLER
Manages and coordinates devices to automate a process. It receives inputs, processes information, and generates outputs to control actuators or devices. Controllers can be hardware or software-based and are critical in improving efficiency and productivity in automation applications.
CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK (CANBUS)
Is a standardized network protocol used for communication among electronic devices in vehicles and industrial applications. It allows reliable and efficient data exchange over a shared communication bus, known for its high reliability, real-time capabilities, and flexibility.
CONTROLLOGIX
A modular PLC system by Allen-Bradley for industrial automation. It offers scalability, flexibility, and reliability with support for multiple I/O modules, networking options, and programming languages.
CONTROLLOGIX 5000
A high-performance, modular PLC series by Allen-Bradley used in industrial automation. Offers advanced features like multiple I/O modules, networking options, and various programming languages. Widely used for scalable, flexible, and reliable automation applications.
CONTROLNET
An industrial automation communication protocol for high-speed, deterministic communication between devices such as PLCs and I/O devices. It is part of Rockwell Automation protocols, used in motion control, process control, and discrete manufacturing.
CUTTING EDGE
The forefront or leading edge of technology, innovation, or progress. It represents the most advanced state of development in a particular field or industry.
DATA HIGHWAY
A communication network for transferring data between devices or systems in industrial automation. It uses standardized protocols and interfaces for efficient data exchange.
DEVICENET
A network protocol used in industrial automation for connecting and communicating between industrial devices, such as sensors, actuators, and controllers. It is a popular fieldbus network that enables data exchange and control signals between devices over a single cable, simplifying wiring and reducing installation costs.
DIFFERENTIAL MODE
A signaling mode where data is transmitted as the voltage difference between two lines. It is used in communication systems for its resistance to noise and interference.
DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM (DCS)
An industrial automation system used for monitoring and controlling processes in manufacturing and production. It consists of interconnected control units distributed across a facility, enabling centralized control and monitoring for improved operational efficiency.
DISTRIBUTED I/O
A system where inputs and outputs of a control system are distributed across remote locations, improving flexibility, reducing wiring complexity, and enhancing scalability and modularity of the control system.
ELECTRICAL DESIGN AND DRAFTING
The creation of technical drawings for electrical systems using CAD or drafting tools. It involves designing and documenting electrical components, connections, and configurations. Essential in construction, maintenance, and troubleshooting of electrical systems in various applications.
EMBEDDED CONTROLLER (EC)
A microcontroller or microprocessor-based device that performs specific functions within an electronic system. It is integrated into the system and controls operations or functions. Commonly used in industrial automation, automotive systems, and consumer electronics, ECs are programmed with specialized firmware or software for efficient and reliable performance.
EMBEDDED I/O
Input/output modules that are integrated directly into a larger system or equipment, facilitating communication and interaction with the external environment.
ETHERNET
A networking technology that enables communication and data transfer between devices over a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN). It is a standard for wired network connections and is widely used in computer networks, industrial automation, and other applications.
ETHERNET I/O
The use of Ethernet for input/output (I/O) operations in industrial automation, allowing for fast and reliable communication between devices for data acquisition, control, and monitoring.
ETHERNET/IP
An industrial communication protocol that is based on standard Ethernet technology. It enables seamless data communication among industrial devices and is widely used in industrial automation for real-time control, monitoring, and data exchange.
EXPANSION PORTS
Additional physical or virtual interfaces on a device or system that allow for the connection of additional modules, cards, or peripherals to expand its capabilities, such as adding more I/O points, communication interfaces, or other functionalities as needed.
FLEX I/O
A modular, distributed I/O system used in automation that eliminates the need for long wiring runs. It provides digital or analog I/O points for field devices and is known for its flexibility, scalability, and ease of installation.
FRICTION STIR WELDING (FSW)
A solid-state welding process that uses frictional heat and mechanical stirring to join materials. It is known for producing high-quality, defect-free welds in challenging materials such as aluminum and magnesium, with benefits including reduced distortion, improved mechanical properties, and increased productivity in certain applications.
FUNCTION BLOCK (FB)
A reusable software component in industrial automation used in programmable logic controllers (PLCs) or other automation systems. FBs encapsulate specific functionality and can be interconnected to create complex control logic. They are widely used in industrial control systems and are part of standards such as IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) 61131-3.
GRADEMARKPRO ™
A high-speed wood printing system with customized grade marking at 200 lugs per minute. It integrates with PLCs for increased production speed, minimal downtime, and quick ROI (Return on Investment). It offers easy product switchover, auto board detect, and precise printing with up to 8 printers.
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)
A visual interface that enables users to interact with electronic devices or software applications using graphical elements such as icons, menus, and buttons. GUIs have become ubiquitous in modern technology and are used in various devices, including desktop computers, mobile devices, and software applications.
GROUND PLANE
A common grounding connection that establishes a stable electrical reference potential for components or devices within a system. It minimizes electrical noise and interference for reliable operation.
HEADRIG
A machine used in the lumber industry to cut logs into rough lumber or timber. It typically consists of a large cutting saw and may be automated with CNC systems for optimized cutting accuracy and efficiency.
HIGH SPEED PRINTING (HSP)
A fast and efficient printing process used in industrial or commercial applications. It achieves rapid print speeds, incorporates advanced features, and is commonly used for packaging, labeling, mailing, and product marking.
HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE (HMI)
The interface or interaction point between humans and automation systems, typically through graphical user interfaces (GUIs), touch screens, or other devices. HMIs allow operators to monitor and control automated processes.
HYDRAULIC MOTION
The use of hydraulic systems for controlling mechanical motion. It uses fluid to transmit power and control movement of components. Commonly used in industrial applications, hydraulic motion relies on pumps, actuators, and valves for precise and efficient motion control.
I/O BRICK
A modular or compact module used in automation to interface between the control system and external devices. It includes multiple I/O points and allows for flexible and scalable I/O configurations. Commonly used in industrial automation and process control.
I/O RELAY
A device used in automation to interface between input/output devices and the control system. It receives input signals from sensors or switches and controls output signals to actuators based on programmed logic. Commonly used in industrial automation, process control, and other applications.
INCREMENTAL ENCODER
A rotary device used in automation to measure angular position or motion. It generates pulses in response to rotation, with each pulse representing an angular increment. Commonly used for precise position or motion feedback in various applications.
INDUCED NOISE
Interference or electrical noise introduced into a system due to external factors. It can disrupt system operation, affecting accuracy and reliability of components. Mitigation measures include shielding, grounding, and filtering.
INDUSTRIAL INTERNET OF THINGS (IIoT)
The use of internet-connected devices, sensors, and data analytics in industrial automation to enable remote monitoring, diagnostics, and optimization of processes and systems.
INFORMATION SYSTEM
A combination of people, processes, data, and technology that collects, stores, processes, and communicates information. It supports decision-making, coordination, and control within an organization. Information systems include hardware, software, data, networks, and people. They facilitate data management, communication, and decision-making in various industries and sectors.
INTEGRATED
The seamless incorporation and coordination of various components, systems, or processes within an automated system or environment for efficient and unified operation.
INTEGRATION
The process of combining different automation components, systems, or technologies to work together seamlessly and effectively. This may involve hardware integration, software integration, or communication protocols.
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF AUTOMATION (ISA)
A non-profit association founded in 1945, empowering the global automation community through standards, certification, education, publishing, and conferences. ISA addresses cybersecurity threats through the ISA Global Cybersecurity Alliance and owns Automation.com and its subsidiaries. ISA provides trusted technical resources for industrial automation professionals, driving technological advancements and sharing best practices.
LADDER LOGIC
A graphical programming language used in industrial automation for creating control logic using relay logic symbols. It is widely used in PLCs for creating sequential and parallel control logic in automated processes.
LEADING EDGE
The rising edge of a digital signal, which represents the transition from a low voltage level to a high voltage level, indicates the start of a specific action or event.
LENGTHSCANPRO™
An automation system for mills that offers accurate, non-contact stem measurement up to 1″ at line speeds of 150fpm. It increases recovery and productivity by optimizing bucking decisions, reducing waste, and minimizing trim loss. The system is customizable, low-maintenance, and can be integrated with control systems for automated sequencing. It utilizes Laser RADAR scanning technology for precise measurement and solution generation.
LIGHT CURTAIN
A safety device that uses beams of light to detect objects or personnel in a protected area. It sends signals to stop machinery or equipment when light beams are interrupted, ensuring worker safety.
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
A computer network that connects devices within a limited area such as a building or facility. It enables communication, collaboration, and access to resources such as design files, software applications, and project management systems among team members.
MACHINE VISION
The use of computer vision technology in automation to capture, analyze, and interpret visual information for tasks such as inspection, measurement, identification, and guidance. It improves efficiency and accuracy in industrial processes.
MAIN AUTOMATION CONTRACTOR (MAC)
A specialized entity responsible for providing comprehensive automation and control solutions for large-scale industrial projects, acting as a single point of contact for all automation-related activities.
MANUFACTURING INTELLIGENCE
The use of data-driven analytics and technologies to optimize manufacturing processes and improve decision-making by collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data from various sources within the manufacturing environment.
MECHANICAL DESIGN AND FABRICATION
Creating and manufacturing mechanical components and systems for automated processes using CAD software, fabrication techniques, and materials.
MILLWRIGHT
A skilled tradesperson who installs, maintains, and repairs automated machinery. They ensure proper functioning of automated systems and may work with mechanical and electrical components. Millwrights in automation require expertise in automation principles, safety regulations, and industry standards. They work in industries where automation is used to improve productivity and efficiency.
MODULAR
A flexible system composed of standardized, self-contained modules that can be easily interconnected or interchanged to create scalable automation solutions.
MOTION CONTROL
The management of machinery movement using techniques like servo motors, actuators, drives, and controllers. It allows for precise control over velocity, position, and acceleration/deceleration in automation applications.
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE (NEC)
A standard set of regulations for electrical installations in the United States, outlining safety requirements and guidelines for the design, installation, and maintenance of electrical systems to ensure safe and reliable operation.
NOISE REJECTION
The ability to filter out unwanted interference from signals, achieved through techniques like shielding, filtering, and signal processing, to ensure reliable and accurate performance of the automation system.
OSCILLATION
A cyclic variation of system outputs around a reference point. It can impact performance and requires careful management in automation systems.
OUTDATED
Technology, equipment, or systems that are no longer current or up to date in terms of their capabilities, features, or compatibility with modern requirements or standards. Outdated automation may be less efficient, less reliable, or incompatible with newer technologies, and may require upgrading or replacement to maintain optimal performance.
OVERDAMPED RESPONSE
A system response in which the output settles quickly to its steady-state value without any overshot or oscillation, typically due to excessive damping. It is characterized by a slower response compared to a critically damped or underdamped system, but with no overshot or oscillation.
PANEL
A control panel or operator interface is used to monitor and control automated systems. It contains switches, buttons, displays, and other control elements, and allows operators to adjust settings and monitor system parameters.
PANEL SELECT BY CONCEPT SYSTEMS
A website created by Concept Systems, Inc. that offers high quality control panel designs for easy specification, quoting, and ordering. Both configurable and off-the-shelf options are provided that comply with industry standards and are well-marked for ease of use.
PARALLEL
The simultaneous execution of multiple tasks or processes without dependencies on each other. It allows for faster and more efficient automation workflows, leveraging techniques such as multithreading, multiprocessing, or distributed computing.
PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC)
Any general-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end-user with no intervening computer operator.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQIPMENT (PPE)
Specialized gear or clothing worn to protect individuals from workplace hazards. Examples include hard hats, goggles, respirators, gloves, and more. Proper use and maintenance of PPE are crucial for ensuring worker safety.
PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID)
A visual representation of the interconnection of process piping and instrumentation in an industrial process. It includes symbols for pipes, valves, instruments, and equipment, and serves as a reference for system design, installation, operation, and maintenance in automation workflows.
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)
A graphical representation of the main process steps, equipment, and flow of materials or energy in a process or system. It provides a high-level overview and serves as a starting point for process design and automation system configuration in industrial processes.
PROPORTIONAL INTEGRAL DERIVATIVE (PID)
A feedback control algorithm that uses three components – proportional, integral, and derivative – to calculate a control signal based on the error between the process variable and setpoint. PID controllers are widely used in automation for regulating process variables and achieving desired setpoints.
PROCESS CONTROL
A systematic management and regulation of industrial processes using sensors, controllers, and feedback loops to adjust process parameters in real-time. It is used in industries to achieve desired outcomes, such as consistent product quality and process efficiency. Efficient process control requires understanding of process dynamics, careful control strategy design, and continuous monitoring and maintenance of control systems.
PROCESS OPTIMIZATION
The use of automation systems and data analysis to optimize and improve the efficiency, quality, and performance of industrial processes, often through continuous monitoring, analysis, and adjustment of process parameters.
PROFIBUS
A widely used fieldbus communication protocol in industrial automation. It enables data exchange between devices and supports high-speed, deterministic, and reliable communication. It has different versions, including PROFIBUS DP and PROFIBUS PA, and is widely adopted due to its robustness and flexibility.
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC)
A specialized type of computer that is used to control and automate industrial processes. PLCs are designed for reliability, durability, and real-time control, and are widely used in manufacturing, process control, and other industrial applications.
PROTOCOL
A set of rules governing how devices or systems communicate. It defines the format for data exchange, including encoding, framing, error detection, addressing, and more. Protocols enable communication and coordination among devices in automation applications. Examples include Modbus, PROFIBUS, Ethernet/IP, and OPC UA.
RADIATED NOISE
Electromagnetic or radio frequency emissions from electronic devices that can interfere with nearby devices. It can arise from various sources and may impact performance and reliability. EMC measures, such as grounding, shielding, and filtering, are used to mitigate radiated noise in automation systems.
RAILHAWK
A fully automated system for unloading railcars, designed for stationery, or moving cars, with faster and safer cycles than manual methods. It works in various environments and can be integrated with automated indexers/progressors. The system uses advanced algorithms to scan and track capstans, dispatching automated Car Door Openers (CDOs) for gate operations.
RECOMMENDED STANDARD 232 (RS232)
A widely used serial communication standard for data transmission between devices over a serial connection. It defines the electrical and functional characteristics of data communication and is commonly used in industrial automation, telecommunications, and other applications.
REMOTE I/O
A system in automation where devices are located remotely from the central control unit, allowing for efficient monitoring and control. Commonly used in industrial and building automation applications.
RESOLVER
A type of position or motion sensor used in automation to measure the position, speed, or angle of rotating machinery. It is known for its accuracy, durability, and resistance to environmental factors. It is commonly used in robotics, machine tools, aerospace, and automotive industries for precise motion control and feedback in automation systems.
RESPONSIVE
The ability of a system to adapt to changes quickly and efficiently in its environment or inputs. It involves real-time monitoring, feedback loops, and adaptive algorithms to adjust operations or parameters. Essential for maintaining productivity, quality, and safety in industrial applications. Examples include automated production lines, robotic systems, and smart buildings.
RETROFIT
The process of upgrading or modifying existing equipment, systems, or components with newer technology or features to improve performance, efficiency, or functionality. It is commonly done in various industries to optimize existing assets and improve their performance without replacing them entirely.
ROBOTIC PAINTING
The automated process of applying paint or coatings using robotic systems. It offers advantages of precision, consistency, speed, and safety. Widely used in industries like automotive, aerospace, and consumer goods for large surfaces, complex geometries, and high-volume production. Integrated into production lines or work cells, robotic painting systems achieve desired surface finishes and aesthetics through programmed techniques.
ROBOTICS
The design, construction, operation, and use of robots in automation systems. Robots are programmable machines that can perform tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously, and are used in various applications, such as assembly, welding, material handling, and inspection.
RS422 (aka TIA/EIA-422)
A standard for balanced electrical signaling used for serial communication over long distances. It uses differential signaling, supports full-duplex communication, and allows for higher data rates compared to RS232. Commonly used in industrial control systems and telecommunications for reliable long-distance communication.
RS485 MULTIDROP (aka TIA/EIA-485)
A standard for serial communication in a multidrop network. It allows for multiple devices to be connected on a single bus using differential signaling, enabling efficient communication over long distances. Commonly used in industrial automation, building automation, and other applications where reliable communication between multiple devices is needed.
RSLOGIX 5000
A software platform for programming Allen-Bradley Logix5000 series PLCs. It offers advanced programming, diagnostics, and communication capabilities for industrial automation. Widely used in manufacturing, process control, and discrete automation.
S88
An ANSI/ISA-88 standard for batch control systems. It provides guidelines for designing, implementing, and operating batch processes in industrial automation. S88 uses a modular and hierarchical approach, dividing batch processes into procedural, equipment, and control levels. It promotes consistency, interoperability, and reusability, and is widely used in industries like pharmaceuticals and food/beverage.
SAFETY CATEGORIES
Are classification systems that define the level of safety required based on risks and hazards. They range from low (Category B) to high (Category 4), guiding the selection and implementation of safety measures.
SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL (SIL)
A measure used in functional safety to assess the reliability of safety-related systems. It ranges from SIL 1 to SIL 4, with higher levels indicating higher risk reduction. It is used in the design and assessment of safety systems to ensure they meet the required level of risk reduction and reliability.
SAFETY RELAY
A specialized type of relay that monitors safety signals from sensors and triggers safety responses. It ensures safe operation of automated systems by evaluating inputs and making decisions to enable or disable system operation.
SAFETY SERVICES
Measures, protocols, and technologies that ensure safe operation of automated systems. They include safety sensors, controllers, interlocks, protocols, software, and training. Crucial for preventing accidents, protecting workers, and ensuring compliance with safety regulations in various industries.
SAFETY SYSTEMS
Systems or measures designed to ensure the safety of operators, equipment, and processes in automation systems, including safety sensors, emergency stop buttons, safety interlocks, and safety protocols.
SENSORS
Devices that detect and measure physical or chemical parameters, such as temperature, pressure, humidity, flow, or position, and provide feedback to automation systems for control and monitoring purposes.
SERIAL
A method to transmit data sequentially between devices over a single communication channel. It is commonly used in industrial automation for connecting sensors, controllers, and other components. Serial communication involves sending data one bit at a time and uses protocols like RS-232, RS-485, Modbus, etc. It is simple and cost-effective but has limitations in speed, distance, and noise immunity compared to other methods.
SERVO CONTROLS
Hardware and software components, such as servo drives, encoders, and control algorithms, ensure accurate and smooth motion control. Servo controls use closed-loop feedback systems for real-time adjustments and are commonly used in robotics, CNC machines, and other high-precision applications.
SERVO MOTOR
A precise electric motor is used in automation for accurate motion control. It typically includes a motor, encoder, or resolver for position feedback and a control system for generating control signals. Servo motors are used in closed-loop control systems, offering a high torque-to-inertia ratio, fast response time, and high positioning accuracy. They are critical in automation applications that require precise motion control.
SERVO SYSTEM
A combination of components used in automation for precise motion and position control. It typically includes a servo motor, servo drive, and feedback device. Controlled by a controller or motion control system, it achieves high accuracy and smooth motion in applications such as robotics and CNC machines.
SERVO VALVE
A precision control valve used in automation systems to precisely regulate fluid flow. It consists of a valve body, spool/poppet, and feedback mechanism. Servo valves are commonly used in applications that require accurate control of fluid flow for optimal performance and efficiency.
SHAFT ENCODER
A sensor used in automation to measure shaft position or motion. It consists of a rotating disc or wheel and a sensor that detects the position of the disc. It is commonly used for precise position or motion feedback in applications like robotics and CNC machines.
SHIELDED CABLE
An electrical cable with a protective metallic layer to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). It is used in sensitive electronic systems to ensure reliable signal transmission and prevent interference.
SHIELDING
Using physical barriers or protective measures to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). It ensures reliable operation of electronic devices and systems by preventing external interference.
SHUNT
A device or circuit that diverts or bypasses current around a component or subsystem. It is used for current sensing, voltage regulation, or overcurrent protection in electrical circuits.
SINGULARITY
A critical state where certain variables or parameters become undefined, leading to limitations or breakdowns in the system’s performance. It can impact accuracy, stability, and safety in robotic systems with multiple degrees of freedom.
SOLDERING
The automated process of melting and fusing a filler material to join metal components. It uses robotic arms or specialized machines for precise and efficient soldering. Automation ensures consistent quality and increased productivity. It is commonly used in industries such as electronics, automotive, and aerospace.
SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL INTERFACE (SSI)
A digital communication protocol used in automation and control systems. It is known for its simplicity and reliability and is used for high-accuracy applications such as position and motion control. It uses a two-wire interface for data transmission and typically involves start and stop bits, along with a clock signal for synchronization. SSI finds widespread use in industries such as robotics, manufacturing, and automotive.
STABLE
A system or process that operates reliably and consistently without significant fluctuations or disruptions. It implies a state of equilibrium, where the system performs predictably and consistently over time, with minimal variability in its operation. Stability is desirable for achieving reliable and consistent results in automation systems.
STAND-ALONE
A self-sufficient system or component that operates independently without external dependencies. It can perform its functions autonomously without continuous communication or interaction with other systems. Typically used in remote or isolated locations or for specific tasks that do not require constant external control.
SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION (SCADA)
A type of control system used to monitor, control, and manage industrial processes remotely. SCADA systems typically collect data from sensors and other devices, and provide real-time visualization, control, and reporting capabilities.
SYSTEM INTEGRATOR
A company or individual that integrates components, subsystems, or technologies into a cohesive system. They design, install, configure, and test hardware and software to work together as a unified system. System integrators develop customized solutions, optimize processes, and help organizations achieve their automation objectives.
THEODOLITE
A precise measuring instrument used for measuring angles in horizontal and vertical planes. It is commonly used in construction, surveying, and engineering for tasks such as setting out points, determining elevations, and aligning structures. It consists of a telescope mounted on a tripod with horizontal and vertical axes for precise angular measurements.
THERMAL BLOCK
A component used to regulate heat in a system. It can be made of metal or ceramic and may include features such as channels or fins for heat transfer. It is used for precise temperature control in industrial processes, HVAC systems, and electronic devices.
THREE-PHASE
A type of electrical power distribution system that uses three alternating current (AC) voltage waveforms 120 degrees out of phase.
TÜV RHEINLAND
A global leader in inspection and testing services promoting safety, quality, and sustainability. With 22,000+ experts worldwide, the company has a 150+ year tradition. It tests systems, supports innovation, and certifies management systems. In North America since 1983 with 11 sites, TÜV Rheinland is investing in a product testing facility in Boston in 2023 and expanding its Bentonville Lab for hazardous substance testing.
UL PANEL SHOP & FABRICATION
A workshop that designs, fabricates, assembles, and tests electrical control panels that comply with UL safety standards. UL Panel Shop & Fabrication services include panel design, wiring, installation, testing, and certification for compliance with UL requirements. UL is a globally recognized organization that sets electrical safety standards, and UL-listed panels are widely trusted in the automation industry. See PanelSelect.
UL508A STANDARDS
A set of standards published by Underwriters Laboratories (UL) for industrial control panels. It outlines requirements for their design, construction, and performance to ensure safety and compliance with electrical codes. Compliance with UL 508A is important for manufacturers to demonstrate product safety and meet regulatory requirements.
UNDERDAMPED RESPONSE
A system’s transient response that oscillates around the steady-state value with diminishing amplitude.
UNDERWRITER’S LABORATORY (UL)
UL Solutions is a global leader in applied safety science, providing testing, inspection, and certification services worldwide. Their mission is to promote safe, secure, and sustainable environments through science and expertise, with a focus on public safety, integrity, and quality.
UNSTABLE
A system or process that lacks stability and is unable to maintain a steady state or desired performance level. An unstable system may exhibit erratic behavior, excessive oscillations, or even divergence, leading to unpredictable or undesirable outcomes. Stability is a critical characteristic in automation systems to ensure reliable and predictable operation.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE (VFD)
An electronic device used to control the speed and torque of electric motors in automation and industrial applications by varying the frequency and voltage of the input power. Also known as AFDs, VSDs, or Inverter Drives, they provide precise motor speed control and energy savings.
VISIONFEED-3D
A cutting-edge 3D imaging and sensing technology for automation and industrial applications, used for precise measurement, inspection, and guidance tasks. It utilizes advanced cameras and image processing algorithms to capture and analyze 3D visual information in real time.
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
A computer network that spans over a large geographic area, connecting devices across different locations or regions.